A Survey on Natural Image Matting With Closed-Form Solutions

Image and Video Matting: A Survey

Matting refers to the problem of accurate foreground estimation in images and video. It is one of the key techniques in many image editing and film production applications, thus has been extensively studied in the literature. With the recent advances of digital cameras, using matting techniques to create novel composites or facilitate other editing tasks has gained increasing interest from both...

A Convex Image Segmentation: Extending Graph Cuts and Closed-Form Matting

Image matting and segmentation are two closely related topics that concern extracting the foreground and background of an image. While the methods based on global optimization are popular in both fields, the cost functions and the optimization methods have been developed independently due to the different interests of the fields: graph cuts optimize combinatorial functions yielding hard segment...

Natural Video Matting with Depth

Video matting is the process of taking a sequence of frames, isolating the foreground, and replacing the background with something different in each frame. This is an under-constrained problem when the background is unknown. Matting techniques exist to approximate these values using manual input cues. We look at existing singleframe matting techniques and present a method that improves upon the...

On Closed-Form Solutions of a Resource Allocation

Malthus and Solow − a note on closed−form solutions

Recently, Jones (2002} and Barro and Sala−í−Martin (2004) pointed out that the neoclassical growth model with a Cobb−Douglas technology has a closed−form solution. This note makes a similar remark for the Malthusian model: I develop and characterize a closed−form solution. Moreover, I emphasize structural similarities between the Malthusian and the neoclassical model if the dynamic behavior is ...